What is meant by "export certification"?

"Export certification" refers specifically to the process that ensures exported plant products comply with the phytosanitary requirements set forth by the importing country. This is a critical aspect of international trade, as different countries have varied regulations concerning pests and diseases. The goal of export certification is to protect the health of local crops and ecosystems in the importing country by confirming that the products have been inspected and found free from harmful pests or pathogens. This certification often involves various checks and balances, including inspections and treatments, to avoid potential risks associated with introducing non-native species or diseases.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of export certification. For instance, the concept of a certification granted to all agricultural products without restrictions does not align with the specific requirements each country mandates. Similarly, an informal agreement between exporting countries lacks the formal structure and regulatory oversight inherent in export certification. Lastly, while a system for labeling plants and plant products could be part of the broader export process, it does not specifically encapsulate the regulatory and compliance aspects that define export certification.